All GSM mobile phones have an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number (like a serial number) that is transmitted along with the SIM number when a phone is active. If a mobile phone is stolen or mislaid, the IMEI can be "banned", meaning that even if a different SIM is placed in the phone, it still won't connect to the network. Tracking of mobile phones can be done via the SIM or the IMEI. That is done by triangulating network base stations (see below). You can find a couple of good explanations at these 2 links: What is triangulation? - a definition from Whatis.com & Triangulation method of location cell phones.
GPS is the next step. Built into each modern phone is a GPS locator. So, by using the GPS locator instead of the SIM or IMEI, the phone can be more accurately traced to within a few metres of it's actual location.
on See a GPS Amazon
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